Because these ranges don’t match, translation involves an interpretative decision about which word is needed in a particular context. Anyone who speaks more than one language is aware that, even thinking at the level of words, moving from one language to another is not entirely straightforward-consider, for a moment, the range of meanings of the English have compared with the meanings of the French avoir (this is usually called ‘the semantic range’). Although ordinary Bible readers might feel frustrated both by the constant revision of translations and the plethora of new translations that appear to keep coming out, both are important indicators of what translation is about. In principle, this is a rather odd decision to make. It was not, in fact, a fresh translation, but a relatively light revision of the 1971 version of the RSV (changing only 6% of the text), in some ways a reaction against the inclusive language NRSV. The ESV is not one of the ‘big hitters’ in translation like the NIV (it is used by around 8% of American Bible readers) but it has been the preferred choice amongst conservative evangelicals since its publication in 2001. The translation committee of the English Standard Version has announced that there will be no more revisions to the text, which now becomes the Permanent Text.
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